Earth system science
The study of Earth as an integrated system in which the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere interact through complex physical, chemical, and biological processes. It underpins understanding of climate change and planetary boundaries.
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Related Terms
Planetary boundaries
Nine Earth system thresholds identified by Johan Rockström a...
Carbon cycle
The biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among ...
Climate tipping points
Thresholds in the climate system that, if crossed, trigger s...
Irreversibility
The characteristic of environmental changes that cannot be u...