Etic
The categories an outside analyst applies to a culture, often borrowed from the analyst's own scientific framework, used especially for cross-cultural comparison. The term comes from Kenneth Pike's linguistic analogy to 'phonetic' analysis (a universal system applicable to any language) as distinct from 'phonemic,' or emic, analysis (the meaningful distinctions a language's own speakers actually use) — neither perspective is simply more true than the other, but they answer different questions.