Indigenous Data Sovereignty
The principle that Indigenous peoples have the right to govern the collection, ownership, and use of data about their communities, members, lands, languages, and knowledge. Formalized through the OCAP principles (Ownership, Control, Access, Possession) developed by First Nations in Canada and through the Māori data sovereignty movement grounded in the Treaty of Waitangi, the principle answers the older default in which outsiders collected and controlled data about Indigenous communities without their consent.